%%
%% symbols
%%

\def\deriv#1#2{\frac{d#1}{d#2}}
\def\pard#1#2{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}}
\def\mAthop#1{\mathop{\scriptstyle#1}}

\def\rp{\right)}
\def\lp{\left(}
\let\(\lp
\let\)\rp

\def\ma{\\[0.2cm]}
\def\n{\\[0.5cm]}
\def\N{\\[1cm]}

\let\mc\mathcal
\let\mbb\mathbb
\let\mf\mathfrak
\let\mds\mathds
\let\mrm\mathrm
\let\mbf\mathbf

\def\R{\mathbb{R}}
\def\C{\mathbb{C}}
\def\tr{\mathrm{Tr}}
\let\lra\longrightarrow
\def\+{^\dagger}
\let\ge\geqslant
\let\le\leqslant

\def\ket#1{\left|#1\right>}
\def\bra#1{\left<#1\right|}
\def\<{\left<}
\def\>{\right>}

\def\Par{\par\penalty10000}
\def\Smallskip{\smallskip\penalty10000}
\def\Medskip{\medskip\penalty10000}
\def\Bigskip{\bigskip\penalty10000}

\def\vvect#1{\lp\begin{array}{c}#1\end{array}\rp}
\def\hvect#1#2{\lp\begin{array}{*{#1}{c}}#2\end{array}\rp}
\def\mat#1#2{\lp\begin{array}{*{#1}{c}}#2\end{array}\rp}
\long\def\sys#1{\left\{\begin{array}l#1\end{array}\right.}

\def\sint{\int\kern-3pt}
\def\sintb#1#2{\int_{#1}^{#2}\kern-.3cm}
\def\sIntb#1#2{\displaystyle\int_{#1}^{#2}\kern-.3cm}
\def\soint{\oint\kern-3pt}
\def\sOint{\displaystyle\oint\kern-3pt}

\def\po{$\bullet$ }
\def\as{$\ast$ }
\def\spo{$\scriptstyle\blacktriangleright$ }

\def\qed{\hfill$\square$}

